Introduction to basic knowledge of testing machine

The testing machine, in a broad sense, is an instrument that verifies the quality or performance of a product or material according to design requirements before it is put into use. As can be seen from the definition, any instrument that verifies the quality or performance can be called a testing machine, but it is sometimes called a detector, a measuring instrument, a tensile machine, a testing device, a tester, and the like. In the textile industry, it is used to call a powerful machine, which is actually a tensile testing machine. The testing machine is mainly used to measure the physical properties of materials or products, such as: steel yield strength, tensile strength, hydrostatic time measurement of pipes, fatigue life of doors and windows, etc. The chemical composition used to measure the chemical properties of a material is generally called an analyzer, not a test machine.

    Test machine concept and use test machine is to measure the mechanical properties, process performance, internal defects and dynamic unbalance of the rotating parts in metal materials, non-metal materials, mechanical parts, engineering structures, etc. under various conditions and environments. instrument. In the process of researching and exploring new materials, new processes, new technologies and new structures, testing machines are an indispensable important testing instrument. Widely used in machinery, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical, building materials, construction, aerospace, shipbuilding, transportation, and other industrial sectors as well as related laboratories of universities and research institutes. It plays an important role in the effective use of materials, improving processes, improving product quality, reducing costs, and ensuring product safety and reliability.

    The testing machine industry mainly produces the following eight types of products:

1. Metal material testing machine;

2. Non-metallic material testing machine;

3. Force and deformation test instruments (force sensor, force gauge, displacement sensor, extensometer, accelerometer, etc.); 4. Package and process performance testing machine (including package drop test machine, package impact test machine, friction Wear test machine, bending test machine, straightening machine, etc.);

5. Balancing machine (including on-site balancer);

6. Vibration table (including impact table and collision test bench);

7. Non-destructive testing equipment (magnetic particle flaw detector, X-ray flaw detector, γ-ray flaw detector, ultrasonic flaw detector, eddy current flaw detector, acoustic emission detector, etc.);

8. Test machine function accessories and test equipment and equipment related to the test machine.

Basic knowledge of testing machine

First, what is the testing machine?

    The test machine we usually see should be called a material testing machine, which is an instrument used to test the mechanical and physical properties of various material parts.

Second, the classification of material testing machine

There are many classification methods for material testing machines. Common ones are:

a) According to the type of output source, there are mainly motor, hydraulic, pneumatic, electromagnetic, etc.;

b) According to the type of indication of the end of measurement, there are mainly digital display and pointer;

c) According to the load and time of the sample, there are mainly: static machine and fatigue machine.

d) According to the control mode, there are mainly open loop control (manual control) and closed loop control (automatic control)

For closed-loop control control types are: speed control, load control, deformation control, position control.

e) There are mainly general-purpose machines (universal machines) and special machines according to their purposes.

There are many types of special machines, such as: cement presses, red brick presses, wire bending fatigue machines, soft worry machines, electricity

Porcelain bending machine, lying, etc., far balance machine, far three-axis, vibration table.

f) Test method and testing machine

 Generally speaking, there are only two kinds of testing machines: the direction of movement (or the direction of force), the kind is pulling, the other is pressing, we pass

Commonly seen as pulling, pressing, bending, shearing, peeling, tearing, wearing, wearing, etc., for the sample.

Third, detection and control

    Detection and control are two different concepts, but they are indivisible. Generally speaking, for a particular system, under a specific test condition, it only controls a specific parameter, such as our company‘s electric pull, it only Control the moving speed of the test bench, and the detection amount is generally more than one. For example, the electric pull generally has detection links such as load, displacement and deformation.

Fourth, detection of bins and control bins

Detection binning: It can be used to improve the sensitivity of the measurement and solve the problem of large management stations weighing small objects.

Control binning: used to solve the problem of accurate "positioning", but also solve the problem of measurement accuracy.

Fifth, the relationship between file amplification and range binning

These are two different concepts, but they are related to each other.

The binning amplification refers to a local parameter of the sensor amplifier, and the spanning binning refers to a pair of testing machines.

Characteristic parameters. The latter has a practical meaning to the user, while the former does not require user attention.

Six, D / A, A / D converter

D/A----the amount of digital conversion

A/D----analog amount of black heart digital

The number of figures is: a cup of soybeans, how many beans you can use to count how many, but the number is always 1, 2

3, 4, ... n.

Analog quantity: For example, if you have a cup of noodles, you can‘t count how many grains it has, which means you can‘t make it one by one.

Separate, its amount is continuous.

About the concept of "code": original code, inverse code, complement code, ASCII Gray code.

About the concept of "number system": decimal, binary, hexadecimal, BCD code.

Sensor: A device that converts various measurements into electrical signals.

1. Common sensors: load sensing, deformation gauge, displacement sensor, pressure sensor, temperature sensor (heat

Galvanic couple, thermal resistance, semiconductor temperature sensor) differential pressure sensor, measurement sensor, etc.

2, piezoelectric crystal load sensor, grating, magnetic grid, photoelectric encoder (incremental, absolute).

It is an analog sensor in the front run and a digital sensor in the rear run.

Divided into measured materials: metal testing machine, non-metal testing machine

According to the function is divided into: tensile testing machine, universal testing machine, impact testing machine, etc.

Stress testing is a basic quality assurance behavior that is part of every important software testing effort. Pressure

The basic idea of ​​force testing is simple: instead of running manual or automated tests under normal conditions, the test is run with a small number of computers or a lack of system resources. Commonly tested resources include internal memory, CPU availability, disk space, and network bandwidth. To reduce the resources used for testing, you can run a tool called a stressor.